Some principle characteristics of second generation were:
- Electronic circuitry characterized by the use of transistors invented by Bell Telephone Laboratories.
- Punched cards and magnetic tape used for input of data.
- Punched cards and paper used for output.
- Oriented towards far more versatile types of applications in which multiple users were capable of using the machine concurrently.
- Human operators handled punched cards.
- Development of high-level languages FORTRAN (Formula Translation), COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language), BASIC. PL/I and others.
- Magnetic cores memories were used for Internal storage (RAM) and magnetic disks and magnetic tapes were used for auxiliary memory.
- The operating speed is increased to microseconds.
- High-level languages could be used to program the computers.
- Input and output devices were faster. As a result of their improvements, the second-generation computers became smaller in size, high speed- more reliable and could store large number of data compared to the previous generation.
Typical computers: IBM 140 Series and 1620 series, Control Data 3600, General Electric 635 and Honeywell 200.
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